Bronze ritual vessels, oracle bones, and royal temples from the Yellow River civilisations of ancient China.

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China Through the Ages

Follow Chinese history from early kingdoms and imperial unification through the Qing dynasty, foreign pressure, civil war and the transformations of modern China. These eight stories offer a route through major turning points across the centuries.

Start here8 stories · 5000 BCE – 2020 CE

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Start at the beginning

Bronze ritual vessels, oracle bones, and royal temples from the Yellow River civilisations of ancient China.
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Prehistoric · 5000 BCE – 771 BCE

Early China

Bronze, writing and kingship shaped early China.

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Stories are ordered by their starting dates; some periods overlap.

Qin Shi Huang overlooking officials, soldiers, standard weights, coins, and bamboo records after the unification of China.
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Classical · 403 BCE – 202 BCE

Qin China and Unification

From the Warring States to the rise of the Han, Qin unification ended centuries of interstate rivalry and created the centralised imperial model that shaped Chinese history for more than two thousand years.

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The Han dynasty at its height, with Chang'an, imperial officials, frontier soldiers, and Silk Road routes extending west.
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Classical · 202 BCE – 220 CE

The Han Dynasty

From Liu Bang's foundation to the end of the dynasty in 220 CE, the Han built the institutions, Confucian statecraft, frontier policy, and cultural memory that shaped imperial China for centuries.

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The Forbidden City in Beijing under the Qing dynasty, seat of imperial rule over the world's most populous empire.
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Early Modern · 1644 CE – 1912 CE

The Qing Dynasty

From Manchu conquest to republican revolution, the Qing dynasty built China's largest empire, oversaw centuries of prosperity, and then struggled to survive foreign intervention, rebellion, and the collapse of imperial legitimacy.

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British steamships and sailing vessels bombard Qing coastal defences during the Opium Wars.
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Modern · 1757 CE – 1861 CE

The Opium Wars

From the Canton System to the fall of Beijing, the Opium Wars turned illegal trade, imperial power and Qing weakness into a new unequal treaty order.

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Illustrative reconstruction: anonymous Chinese rural civilians carrying grain supplies beside Communist soldiers in northern China around 1948.
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Modern · 1927 CE – 1949 CE

The Chinese Civil War

From a broken revolutionary alliance to Communist victory and the Nationalist retreat to Taiwan, a civil war remade China and left an unresolved divide.

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A Mao-era rural commune shows a communal dining hall, schoolyard, bicycles, field labor, and distant industrial chimneys.
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Modern · 1949 CE – 1976 CE

Mao's China

After 1949, Mao transformed China through party rule, collectivisation, ideological campaigns, and mass upheaval, leaving a legacy of power, trauma, and state continuity.

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Skylines, cranes, container ports, and party symbolism representing China's rise from post-Mao recovery to global power.
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Modern · 1976 CE – 2020 CE

The Rise of China

After Mao, China combined market reform with one-party rule, using exports, cities, technology, and nationalism to become one of the world's most powerful states.

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