Image records

Image Attributions

This page records source, licence, credit, and transformation notes for historical photographs, licensed archival images, public-domain material, and AI-assisted reconstructions used on Stories of History.

Attribution Required

These images require visible credit, licence information, or careful licence handling.

andy burnham

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/andy_burnham.webp
Source: House of Commons
Licence: CC BY 3.0
Credit: House of Commons

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Parliament portrait

bill clinton

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/bill_clinton.webp
Source: Derived from Flickr
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Chris Savas

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

updated color portrait

boris johnson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/boris_johnson.webp
Source: Prime Minister's Office
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Ben Shread / Cabinet Office

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Government portrait

boris yeltsin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/boris_yeltsin.webp
Source: http://www.kremlin.ru/
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Presidential Press and Information Office

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider seated official-era color portrait

charles iii

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/charles_iii.webp
Source: UK Government hosts UK Investment Summit at Guildhall
Licence: CC BY 2.0
Credit: Number 10

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

modern color public-event portrait

Clement Attlee

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/clement_attlee.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY 3.0
Credit: Chris McAndrew

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

david cameron

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/david_cameron.webp
Source: No 10 Downing Street
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Lauren Hurley / No 10 Downing Street

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Government portrait

Deng Xiaoping

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/deng_xiaoping.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Credit: Sumin Chou (On behalf of US-China Arts Exchange)

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

dmitry medvedev

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/dmitry_medvedev.webp
Source: Government.ru
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Government.ru

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official Russian government portrait

edward snowden

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/edward_snowden.webp
Source: Freedom of the Press Foundation
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Freedom of the Press Foundation

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider editorial color portrait

elizabeth ii

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/elizabeth_ii.webp
Source: www.defenceimagery.mod.uk
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Joel Rouse/ Ministry of Defence

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

later-life color portrait

Ella Baker

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ella_baker.webp
Source: Ella Baker Center for Human Rights; licensed photograph reproduced by UMass Amherst textbook authors
Licence: CC BY 3.0
Credit: Ella Baker Center for Human Rights — Ella Baker. CC BY 3.0. Photograph reproduced in Introduction to Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies (UMass Amherst); proportionally resized and placed on a neutral matte.

Unaltered 298x185 photograph extracted from the licensed textbook reproduction, enlarged proportionally with a neutral matte to 1024x1536. Low source resolution is retained; no AI enhancement or facial reconstruction. PNG and WebP exports.

Authentic historical photograph used to identify the subject in an educational biography. No sponsorship or endorsement is implied. Copyright licence/public-domain status does not grant advertising, merchandising or universal personality-rights clearance.

F. W. de Klerk

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/f_w_de_klerk.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Credit: Walter Rutishauser, Photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Fulgencio Batista

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/fulgencio_batista.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

gordon brown

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/gordon_brown.webp
Source: This image has been extracted from another file
Licence: CC BY 2.0
Credit: Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

more up-to-date color portrait

hu jintao

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/hu_jintao.webp
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dilma-rousseff/5780659829/
Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Credit: Dilma Rousseff from Brasil

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

clearer color portrait

j robert oppenheimer

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/j_robert_oppenheimer.webp
Source: Charles Thorpe and Steven Shapin, "Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer? Charisma and Complex Organization," Social Studies of Science, 30:4 (Aug 2000), 545-590. Primary source for the photograph: Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Licence: Attribution
Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

clearer Los Alamos wartime portrait with attribution-required reuse permission

james callaghan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_callaghan.webp
Source: This image has been extracted from another file
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Christian Lambiotte

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider source crop from same session

Jiang Zemin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/jiang_zemin.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: The Presidential Press and Information Office

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Kim Il-sung

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/kim_il_sung.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Credit: Nicor

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Leonid Brezhnev

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/leonid_brezhnev.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: FAL
Credit: Vladimir Musaelyan

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

liz truss

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/liz_truss.webp
Source: Prime Minister's Office
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Simon Dawson / No 10 Downing Street

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Government portrait

Nelson Mandela

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/nelson_mandela.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Credit: Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com from Laurel

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Osama bin Laden

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/osama_bin_laden.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Credit: Hamid Mir

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

radovan karadzic

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/radovan_karadzic.webp
Source: International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
Licence: CC BY 2.0
Credit: UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

UN ICTY courtroom photograph

Ratko Mladic

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ratko_mladic.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Credit: Фото: Михаил Евстафьев / Photo by Evstafiev Mikhail

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

rishi sunak

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/rishi_sunak.webp
Source: Prime Minister's Office
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Simon Walker / No 10 Downing Street

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Government portrait

Rosa Parks

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/rosa_parks.webp
Source: John Mathew Smith, via Flickr and Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC BY-SA 2.0
Credit: John Mathew Smith & www.celebrity-photos.com; CC BY-SA 2.0

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

sir edward heath

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_edward_heath.webp
Source: Museum of the Prime Minister
Licence: CC BY 3.0
Credit: National Portrait Gallery, London

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

licensed portrait replacing a weaker close-up crop

sir keir starmer

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_keir_starmer.webp
Source: House of Commons
Licence: CC BY 3.0
Credit: Chris McAndrew

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Parliament portrait

slobodan milosevic

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/slobodan_milosevic.webp
Source: Transferred from sr.wikipedia to Commons.
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
Credit: Stevan Kragujević

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider portrait replacing tight close-up crop

theresa may

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/theresa_may.webp
Source: Prime Minister's Office
Licence: OGL 3
Credit: Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official UK Government portrait

vladimir putin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/vladimir_putin.webp
Source: Совещание с членами Правительства
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Official website of the President of the Russian Federation

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

more up-to-date 2024 official color portrait

xi jinping

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/xi_jinping.webp
Source: Kremlin.ru
Licence: CC BY 4.0
Credit: Kremlin.ru

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Kremlin photograph

Extra Care Notes

These records have additional licence, attribution, or editorial-context notes.

Ratko Mladic

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: Фото: Михаил Евстафьев / Photo by Evstafiev Mikhail.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.
Atrocity/war-crimes linked subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional framing.

Jiang Zemin

CC BY 4.0. Credit: The Presidential Press and Information Office.

Creative Commons BY image: preserve attribution/license notice for the transformed crop.

F. W. de Klerk

CC BY-SA 4.0. Credit: Walter Rutishauser, Photographer.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.

Fidel Castro

Public domain. Credit: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress 's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppmsc.03256 . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing ..

Authoritarian/revolutionary political subject; keep use strictly editorial and avoid implied endorsement.

Margaret Thatcher

Copyrighted free use. Credit: derivative work by Begoon.

Copyrighted free-use Commons label: verify exact reuse terms before publishing widely.

Nelson Mandela

CC BY-SA 2.0. Credit: Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com from Laurel.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.

Kim Jong Il

CC0. Credit: Jesse Charlie.

Authoritarian political subject; keep use strictly editorial and avoid implied endorsement.

Osama bin Laden

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: Hamid Mir.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.
Terrorism-linked subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional or decorative use.

Boris Yeltsin

CC BY 4.0. Credit: Presidential Press and Information Office.

Creative Commons BY image: preserve attribution/license notice for the transformed crop.

P. W. Botha

Public domain. Credit: Wie is wie in Suid-Afrika 1963.

Apartheid-era political subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional framing.

Saddam Hussein

Public domain. Credit: Iraqi News Agency.

Authoritarian/war-crimes linked subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid implied endorsement.

Slobodan Milosevic

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: Stevan Kragujević.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.
War-crimes linked subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional framing.

James Callaghan

CC BY 4.0. Credit: Christian Lambiotte.

Creative Commons BY image: preserve attribution/license notice for the transformed crop.

Sir Edward Heath

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: See source page.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.

Franjo Tudman

Public domain. Credit: A1C Carson Harrison..

Balkan wars political subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional framing.

Deng Xiaoping

CC BY-SA 4.0. Credit: Sumin Chou (On behalf of US-China Arts Exchange).

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.

Sir Alec Douglas-Home

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: Allan warren.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.

Kim Il-sung

CC BY-SA 3.0. Credit: Nicor.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.
Authoritarian political subject; keep use strictly editorial and avoid implied endorsement.

Leonid Brezhnev

FAL. Credit: Vladimir Musaelyan.

Free Art License image: nonstandard open license; verify attribution and downstream reuse terms.

Mao Zedong

Public domain. Credit: Unknown photographer; Franklin D. Roosevelt Library / U.S. National Archives.

Archival identity and source-record rights checked 2 October 2026; use for editorial biography without implied endorsement.

Chiang Kai-shek

Public domain. Credit: Unknown photographer, identified by source as presumably U.S. Army personnel; Library of Congress.

Archival identity and source-record rights checked 2 October 2026; use for editorial biography without implied endorsement.

Fulgencio Batista

CC BY-SA 4.0. Credit: Unknown author Unknown author.

Creative Commons BY-SA image: preserve attribution and share-alike obligations for the transformed crop.
Authoritarian political subject; keep use strictly editorial and avoid implied endorsement.

Che Guevara

Public domain. Credit: See source page.

Revolutionary political subject often used iconographically; keep use strictly educational and avoid endorsement-like styling.

Clement Attlee

CC BY 3.0. Credit: Chris McAndrew.

Creative Commons BY image: preserve attribution/license notice for the transformed crop.

Adolf Eichmann

Public domain. Credit: Author and location unknown. Bettina Stangneth's caption for the image says: "Unknown photographer, undated (1941), AKG Images, 4217270". [ 3 ] The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann (1885–1957) ("image: hoff-895; negative: Hoffmann 8841"), a German photographer who was known as Hitler's personal photographer. The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann's son in 1993. Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014, the library checked the negative and confirmed "with certainty" that this is not one of Hoffmann's images. His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them. The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative..

Holocaust perpetrator; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional or decorative use.

D. F. Malan

Public domain. Credit: See source page.

Apartheid-era political subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid promotional framing.

Joseph Stalin

Public domain. Credit: Ivan Shagin.

Authoritarian/atrocity-linked subject; keep use strictly educational and avoid implied endorsement.

Public Domain and CC0

These records are marked public domain, non-copyrighted, or CC0. Non-copyright restrictions such as privacy, publicity, or endorsement concerns may still apply.

A. Philip Randolph

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/a_philip_randolph.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: John Bottega / New York World-Telegram & Sun; Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-119495

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Adolf Eichmann

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/adolf_eichmann.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Author and location unknown. Bettina Stangneth's caption for the image says: "Unknown photographer, undated (1941), AKG Images, 4217270". [ 3 ] The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann (1885–1957) ("image: hoff-895; negative: Hoffmann 8841"), a German photographer who was known as Hitler's personal photographer. The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann's son in 1993. Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014, the library checked the negative and confirmed "with certainty" that this is not one of Hoffmann's images. His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them. The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative.

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Anatoly Dobrynin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/anatoly_dobrynin.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

barack obama

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/barack_obama.webp
Source: Executive Office of the President of the United States
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Official White House Photo by Pete Souza

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official presidential portrait

Bayard Rustin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/bayard_rustin.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Stanley Wolfson / New York World-Telegram & Sun; Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-118983

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Charles de Gaulle

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/charles_de_gaulle.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC0
Credit: Anonyme, photographe

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Che Guevara

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/che_guevara.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: See source page

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

chiang kai shek

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/chiang_kai_shek.webp
Source: Acquired b&w photo from Wikipedia, added colour to the original. ( File:Chiang Kai-shek.jpg )
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Militaryace

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color portrait

Chiang Kai-shek

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/chiang_kai_shek_archival_1945.webp
Source: Library of Congress, cph.3a40247
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown photographer, identified by source as presumably U.S. Army personnel; Library of Congress

Portrait crop and standard resizing to 1024×1536; PNG and WebP quality 90. No generative processing, colourisation, retouching or facial alteration.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not imply endorsement. Source-record public-domain grounds and identity checks retained.

d f malan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/d_f_malan.webp
Source: Public domain Public domain false false This work was first published in South Africa and is now in the public domain because its copyright protection has expired by virtue of the Copyright Act No. 98 of 1978 , amended 2002. The work meets one of the following criteria: It is an anonymous work or pseudonymous work and 50 years have passed since the date of its publication. It is a broadcast or sound recording and 50 years have passed since the year the programme was published. It is a cinematographic or photographic work and 50 years have passed since the date of its creation. It is an artistic, literary or musical work created under the direction of the state or an international organization and 50 years have passed since the year the work was published. It is another kind of work, and 50 years have passed since the year of death of the author (or last-surviving author). A South African work that is in the public domain in South Africa according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in South Africa in 1996, e.g. if it was published before 1946 and no copyright was registered in the U.S. (This is the effect of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.)
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Suidpunt

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

clearer public-domain portrait

Dean Rusk

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/dean_rusk.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: U.S. Department of State

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Diane Nash

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/diane_nash.webp
Source: The White House, via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Official White House Photo by Adam Schultz, 7 July 2022

Cropped to Diane Nash (575,300,1615,1860 in the 3000x2000 original), then resized to 1024x1536. Other ceremony participants are outside or at the edge of the crop. PNG and WebP exports.

donald trump

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/donald_trump.webp
Source: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress 's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppbd.00608 . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing .
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Shealeah Craighead

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

less tightly cropped official portrait

Dong Biwu

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/dong_biwu.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: See source page

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

douglas macarthur

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/douglas_macarthur.webp
Source: Photo of General Douglas MacArthur from https://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/world_war_2_photos/world_war_2_photos.html
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Photo of General Douglas MacArthur from https://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/world_war_2_photos/world_war_2_photos.html

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

more representative senior general portrait

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/dwight_d_eisenhower.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: White House

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

edward viii

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/edward_viii.webp
Source: one or more third parties have made copyright claims against Wikimedia Commons in relation to the work from which this is sourced or a purely mechanical reproduction thereof . This may be due to recognition of the " sweat of the brow " doctrine, allowing works to be eligible for protection through skill and labour, and not purely by originality as is the case in the United States (where this website is hosted). These claims may or may not be valid in all jurisdictions. As such, use of this image in the jurisdiction of the claimant or other countries may be regarded as copyright infringement . Please see Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag for more information.
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Reginald Grenville Eves

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color painted portrait

emperor hirohito

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/emperor_hirohito.webp
Source: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002721830/
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color formal portrait

Fannie Lou Hamer

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/fannie_lou_hamer.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Warren K. Leffler / U.S. News & World Report; Library of Congress; restoration by Adam Cuerden

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

fidel castro

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/fidel_castro.webp
Source: http://www.magicasruinas.com.ar/revistero/aquello/revaquello104a.htm
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Revista Argentina Gente

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color period portrait

Franjo Tudman

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/franjo_tudman.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: A1C Carson Harrison.

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Franz von Papen

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/franz_von_papen.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Robert Sennecke

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

george f kennan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/george_f_kennan.webp
Source: Library of Congress Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2016870504 Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/hec/12900/12925v.jpg Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016870504/
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Harris & Ewing, photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider public-domain portrait

george h w bush

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/george_h_w_bush.webp
Source: https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/123886
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

less tightly cropped official portrait

George VI

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/george_vi.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: John St Helier Lander

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

george w bush

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/george_w_bush.webp
Source: This image was released by the United States Department of Defense with the ID 030114-O-0000D-001_screen (next) . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing . العربية ∙ বাংলা ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ Bahaso Jambi ∙ Deutsch ∙ Deutsch (Sie-Form) ∙ English ∙ español ∙ euskara ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Plattdüütsch ∙ Nederlands ∙ polski ∙ پښتو ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ slovenščina ∙ svenska ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Eric Draper

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

less tightly cropped official portrait

Gerald Ford

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/gerald_ford.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: David Hume Kennerly

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Haile Selassie

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/haile_selassie.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

harold macmillan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/harold_macmillan.webp
Source: https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHP-ST-A22-1-61.aspx
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Cecil W. Stoughton

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

less tightly cropped public-domain portrait

harold wilson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/harold_wilson.webp
Source: http://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/photo-archive/photolab-detail.html?id=1489
Licence: Public domain
Credit: LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okamoto

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color period portrait

harry s truman

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/harry_s_truman.webp
Source: https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/75-01
Licence: Public domain
Credit: US Navy

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color presidential portrait

Henry Kissinger

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/henry_kissinger.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Bernard Gotfryd

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

ho chi minh

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ho_chi_minh.webp
Source: This image has been extracted from another file
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

clearer public-domain portrait

Hugh Dowding

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/hugh_dowding.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Ministry of Information official photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Jimmy Carter

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/jimmy_carter.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: The White House

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

joe biden

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/joe_biden.webp
Source: Executive Office of the President of the United States
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Adam Schultz

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

official presidential portrait

John F Kennedy

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/john_f_kennedy.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Cecil W. Stoughton

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

John Lewis

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/john_lewis.webp
Source: U.S. Congress, via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: U.S. Congress, official photograph

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Joseph Stalin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/joseph_stalin.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Ivan Shagin

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Josip Broz Tito

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/josip_broz_tito.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Kim Jong Il

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/kim_jong_il.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: CC0
Credit: Jesse Charlie

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

kim jong un

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/kim_jong_un.webp
Source: President Trump's Trip to Vietnam
Licence: Public domain
Credit: The White House from Washington, DC

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

newer color public-domain diplomatic-event portrait

Konstantin Chernenko

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/konstantin_chernenko.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Filatov / RIA Novosti / distributed by Associated Press

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Li Xiannian

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/li_xiannian.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: NARA

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Liu Shaoqi

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/liu_shaoqi.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown, Chinese government

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Lyndon B Johnson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/lyndon_b_johnson.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Arnold Newman

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Malcolm X

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/malcolm_x.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Ed Ford / New York World-Telegram & Sun; Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-115058

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Mao Zedong

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/mao_zedong_archival_1944.webp
Source: U.S. National Archives, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, NAID 196235
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown photographer; Franklin D. Roosevelt Library / U.S. National Archives

Portrait crop and standard resizing to 1024×1536; PNG and WebP quality 90. No generative processing, colourisation, retouching or facial alteration.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not imply endorsement. Source-record public-domain grounds and identity checks retained.

margaret thatcher

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/margaret_thatcher.webp
Source: This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing .
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown photographer

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color prime-minister-era portrait

Martin Luther King Jr.

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/martin_luther_king_jr.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Dick DeMarsico / New York World-Telegram & Sun; Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-126559

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/mikhail_gorbachev.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Series: Reagan White House Photographs, 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989 Collection: White House Photographic Collection, 1/20/1981 - 1/20/1989

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

ngo dinh diem

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ngo_dinh_diem.webp
Source: https://memory.culture.tw/Home/Detail?Id=568261&IndexCode=online_metadata
Licence: Public domain
Credit: 陳漢中

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

clearer public-domain presidential portrait

nikita khrushchev

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/nikita_khrushchev.webp
Source: Nikita_Khrusjtsjov.jpg
Licence: Public domain
Credit: derivative work: Militaryace ( talk ) Nikita_Khrusjtsjov.jpg : Credit: John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color period portrait

P. W. Botha

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/p_w_botha.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Wie is wie in Suid-Afrika 1963

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Puyi

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/puyi.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; flattened on a neutral background where needed; exported as WebP with PNG fallback. Reprocessed with a light background flatten so the transparent source does not render as a dark silhouette.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

richard nixon

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/richard_nixon.webp
Source: Image file
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Environmental Protection Agency

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color presidential portrait

Robert Kennedy

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/robert_kennedy.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Unknown; dedicated to the Bettman Archive. Likely an organization working with the Senate, e.g. Congressional Quarterly, or the Senate itself.

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

robert mcnamara

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/robert_mcnamara.webp
Source: This image was released by the United States Department of Defense with the ID PCC-53242 (next) . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing . العربية ∙ বাংলা ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ Bahaso Jambi ∙ Deutsch ∙ Deutsch (Sie-Form) ∙ English ∙ español ∙ euskara ∙ فارسی ∙ français ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Plattdüütsch ∙ Nederlands ∙ polski ∙ پښتو ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ slovenščina ∙ svenska ∙ Türkçe ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−
Licence: Public domain
Credit: DoD photo by Oscar Porter, U.S. Army.

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

wider official portrait replacing close-up crop

Ronald Reagan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ronald_reagan.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Michael Evans

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Saddam Hussein

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/saddam_hussein.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Iraqi News Agency

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

sir alec douglas home

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_alec_douglas_home.webp
Source: This is an image from the Nationaal Archief , the Dutch National Archives, donated in the context of a partnership program .
Licence: CC0
Credit: Unknown photographer for Anefo

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color prime-minister-era portrait

sir anthony eden

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_anthony_eden.webp
Source: This file is from the collections of The National Archives (United Kingdom) , catalogued under document record INF3/9 . For high quality reproductions of any item from The National Archives collection please contact the image library .
Licence: Public domain
Credit: William Little

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

color painted parliamentary portrait

sir john major

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_john_major.webp
Source: This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing .
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Attributed to PFC Tracey L. Hall-Leahy, USA

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

less tightly cropped prime-minister-era color portrait

sir tony blair

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_tony_blair.webp
Source: http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/06/images/20040628-9_d0628-1-515h.html
Licence: Public domain
Credit: White House photo by Eric Draper.

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

more up-to-date prime-ministerial color portrait

sir winston churchill

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/sir_winston_churchill.webp
Source: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress 's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3a49758 . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing .
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Walter Stoneman

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

stronger public-domain formal portrait

Syngman Rhee

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/syngman_rhee.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: 대한민국 국가기록원

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Thurgood Marshall

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/thurgood_marshall.webp
Source: Library of Congress via Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: Robert S. Oakes / Library of Congress, digital ID cph.3b07878

Centre-cropped to the existing 2:3 figure portrait format and resized to 1024x1536. No generated face, colourisation or change to the depicted event. PNG and WebP exports.

Yang Shangkun

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/yang_shangkun.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Yuri Andropov

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/yuri_andropov.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: TASS

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Yuri Gagarin

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/yuri_gagarin.webp
Source: Wikimedia Commons
Licence: Public domain
Credit: See source page

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Editorial/biographical history use. Do not use in a way that implies endorsement.

Other Licensed Records

These records have licence information that does not require a separate attribution note in the current registry, but remains documented here.

mao zedong

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/mao_zedong.webp
Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mao-Zedong https://www.gettyimages.co.jp/detail/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F/mao-tse-tung-president-of-red-china-%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F/2643024
Licence: Rights unresolved — deprecated
Credit: Unknown author Unknown author

Cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Replaced in the profile by mao_zedong_archival_1944.webp. Do not reuse: the source warns about restored U.S. copyright.

China public-domain label does not establish U.S. reuse rights.

AI-Assisted Reconstructions

These images were generated for educational illustration without using an external source image.

abraham lincoln

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/abraham_lincoln.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

andrew jackson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/andrew_jackson.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Andrew Jackson (1767-1845); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

andrew johnson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/andrew_johnson.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Andrew Johnson (1808-1875); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

anne frank

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/anne_frank.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated as a portrait image, resized to 1024x1536, and exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational non-likeness contextual reconstruction of a 1940s Amsterdam annex scene for Anne Frank; generated from text only, not based on a source image, not a documentary photograph, and not intended to reproduce Anne Frank’s actual face or imply endorsement.

benjamin harrison

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/benjamin_harrison.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

calvin coolidge

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/calvin_coolidge.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

charles iv holy roman emperor

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/charles_iv_holy_roman_emperor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

chester a arthur

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/chester_a_arthur.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Chester A. Arthur (1829-1886); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

ferdinand ii holy roman emperor

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ferdinand_ii_holy_roman_emperor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

francis ii holy roman emperor

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/francis_ii_holy_roman_emperor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

franklin d roosevelt

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/franklin_d_roosevelt.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

franklin pierce

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/franklin_pierce.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Franklin Pierce (1804-1869); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

frederick ii holy roman emperor

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/frederick_ii_holy_roman_emperor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

george washington

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/george_washington.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure George Washington (1732-1799); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

grover cleveland

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/grover_cleveland.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Grover Cleveland (1837-1908); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

herbert hoover

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/herbert_hoover.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Herbert Hoover (1874-1964); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

james a garfield

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_a_garfield.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure James A. Garfield (1831-1881); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

james buchanan

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_buchanan.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure James Buchanan (1791-1868); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

james k polk

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_k_polk.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure James K. Polk (1795-1849); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

james madison

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_madison.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure James Madison (1751-1836); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

james monroe

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/james_monroe.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure James Monroe (1758-1831); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

john adams

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/john_adams.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure John Adams (1735-1826); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

john quincy adams

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/john_quincy_adams.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure John Quincy Adams (1767-1848); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

john tyler

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/john_tyler.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure John Tyler (1790-1862); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

martin luther

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/martin_luther.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

martin van buren

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/martin_van_buren.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Martin Van Buren (1782-1862); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

matilda of tuscany

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/matilda_of_tuscany.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

maximilian i

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/maximilian_i.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

millard fillmore

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/millard_fillmore.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Millard Fillmore (1800-1874); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

otto i

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/otto_i.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated at 1024x1536; PNG preserved with WebP derivative. No external artwork pixels used.

Original educational historical reconstruction, not a photograph or documentary likeness. Period details are interpretive; see the recorded prompt and visual review.

rutherford b hayes

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/rutherford_b_hayes.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-1893); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

theodore roosevelt

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/theodore_roosevelt.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

thomas jefferson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/thomas_jefferson.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

ulysses s grant

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/ulysses_s_grant.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

warren g harding

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/warren_g_harding.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Warren G. Harding (1865-1923); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

william henry harrison

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/william_henry_harrison.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure William Henry Harrison (1773-1841); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

william howard taft

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/william_howard_taft.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure William Howard Taft (1857-1930); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

william mckinley

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/william_mckinley.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure William McKinley (1843-1901); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

woodrow wilson

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/woodrow_wilson.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

zachary taylor

Figure portraits

Image: /images/figures/zachary_taylor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated from text only; cropped and resized to 1024x1536 portrait; exported as WebP with PNG fallback.

Original educational historical portrait reconstruction of deceased public figure Zachary Taylor (1784-1850); not based on a source image and not intended to imply endorsement.

a crown without direction

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/a_crown_without_direction.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

a new world order

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_second_world_war/a_new_world_order.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-centered postwar settlement imagery with a non-identifying institutional reconstruction scene; avoids famous likenesses, protected emblems, readable text, and exact archival-photo recreation.

a truce against japan

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/a_truce_against_japan.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

apartheid becomes law

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/apartheid_south_africa/apartheid_becomes_law.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated without flags, portraits, or national emblems; replaced potentially identifiable apartheid lawmaker imagery with a non-identifying bureaucracy scene.

apartheid comes to power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/apartheid_south_africa/apartheid_comes_to_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated without flags or national emblems; replaced direct apartheid-leader imagery with a non-identifying election aftermath scene.

appeasement at munich

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_causes_of_the_second_world_war/appeasement_at_munich.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced recognizable Munich leaders with non-identifying diplomatic scene.

armistice without peace

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_korean_war/armistice_without_peace.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a signing-room image with a non-identifying armistice-line and prisoner-exchange scene.

birmingham and washington

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/birmingham_and_washington.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

birmingham and washington

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/birmingham_and_washington.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

bishops and royal power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/bishops_and_royal_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

black power and the northern cities

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/black_power_and_the_northern_cities.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

black power and the northern cities

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/black_power_and_the_northern_cities.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

blood in st albans

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/blood_in_st_albans.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

bosnia and the end of yugoslavia

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/bosnia_and_the_end_of_yugoslavia.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an exterior Dayton peace-process scene that avoids recognizable commanders, political-leader likenesses, graphic wartime harm, maps, and a formal signing-table composition.

bosworth changes the crown

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/bosworth_changes_the_crown.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

break with stalin

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/break_with_stalin.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a rail and telegraph depot scene that avoids Tito and Stalin likenesses, leader portraits, maps, and a static diplomatic-table composition.

brezhnev stagnation

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/brezhnev_stagnation.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Brezhnev portrait with everyday late-Soviet stagnation scene.

brinkmanship leaves a legacy

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/brinkmanship_leaves_a_legacy.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a historically grounded teletype hotline and monitoring scene, avoiding both leader likenesses and the inaccurate red-telephone trope.

britain stands alone

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_battle_of_britain/britain_stands_alone.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Churchill likeness with air-defense command scene.

brown changes the law

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/brown_changes_the_law.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

brown changes the law

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/brown_changes_the_law.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

building one party rule

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/building_one_party_rule.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao portrait setting with institutional party-state scene.

china challenges the global order

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/china_challenges_the_global_order.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a potentially recognizable modern-leader/global-power scene with a non-identifying infrastructure and trade scene.

china enters the war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_korean_war/china_enters_the_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a face-led troop image with a non-identifying winter crossing and mountain-movement scene.

civil war returns

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/civil_war_returns.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

democracy is destroyed

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/democracy_is_destroyed.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-over-Reichstag image with non-identifying institutional collapse scene.

deng xiaoping takes control

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/deng_xiaoping_takes_control.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced the prior reform-planning room with a more grounded late-1970s policy meeting scene that avoids Deng Xiaoping, Mao portraits, and recognizable public-figure likenesses.

detente and strategic competition

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/detente_and_strategic_competition.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced recognizable superpower-leader imagery with an anonymous arms-control negotiation scene.

edward iv and towton

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/edward_iv_and_towton.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

emperors and italian cities

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/emperors_and_italian_cities.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

empire in eastern europe

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_soviets/empire_in_eastern_europe.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated to avoid inaccurate flags and leader symbolism; Soviet control is shown through a non-identifying railway checkpoint.

excomm debates war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/excomm_debates_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an exterior military readiness scene to represent the options under debate without another room of anonymous officials.

famine and regime survival

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/famine_and_regime_survival.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Varied a previous crowd-heavy famine image with a non-identifying distribution and market scene.

fascism takes power in italy

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_causes_of_the_second_world_war/fascism_takes_power_in_italy.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mussolini likeness with non-identifying street-pressure scene.

fighter command prepares

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_battle_of_britain/fighter_command_prepares.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced commander-centered imagery with a non-identifying RAF operations-room scene.

fire from the marianas

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_pacific_war/fire_from_the_marianas.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative imagery with Marianas runway action and B-29 operations; avoids large foreground aircraft, public-figure likenesses, exact archival-photo recreation, readable markings, protected emblems, and atomic imagery.

freedom summer and federal law

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/freedom_summer_and_federal_law.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

freedom summer and federal law

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/freedom_summer_and_federal_law.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

german rearmament

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_causes_of_the_second_world_war/german_rearmament.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler parade likeness with rearmament factory scene.

gleichschaltung

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/gleichschaltung.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced abstract coordination imagery with a non-identifying forced takeover of labour and press institutions; avoids leader likenesses, extremist symbols, salutes, and graphic violence.

gorbachev takes power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/gorbachev_takes_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Gorbachev likeness with anonymous transition scene.

guadalcanal

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_pacific_war/guadalcanal.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative imagery with a close-to-action Guadalcanal scene linking jungle, airfield, and naval pressure; avoids public-figure likenesses, exact archival-photo recreation, readable text, and graphic violence.

haile selassie reshapes ethiopia

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_ethiopian_empire/haile_selassie_reshapes_ethiopia.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an alternative scene without Haile Selassie likeness, portraits, maps, or palace imagery; modernization is shown through public works and education.

haile selassie takes the throne

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_ethiopian_empire/haile_selassie_takes_the_throne.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced direct Haile Selassie likeness with a distant ceremonial coronation scene.

hitler becomes chancellor

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/hitler_becomes_chancellor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-centered appointment imagery with a non-identifying exterior press-and-police scene; avoids Hitler likeness, extremist symbols, salutes, raised-arm gestures, and exact archival-photo recreation.

hitler becomes chancellor

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_causes_of_the_second_world_war/hitler_becomes_chancellor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler likeness with non-identifying chancellery handover scene.

hitler is made chancellor

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/hitler_is_made_chancellor.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler likeness with non-identifying chancellery handover scene.

hitler joins the german workers party

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/hitler_joins_the_german_workers_party.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler speaking likeness with anonymous meeting scene.

hitler takes power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/weimar_republic/hitler_takes_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler likeness with non-identifying chancellery handover scene.

hitler turns east

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/operation_barbarossa/hitler_turns_east.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler-at-map likeness with anonymous planning scene.

ho chi minh and revolutionary nationalism

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_vietnam_war/ho_chi_minh_and_revolutionary_nationalism.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Ho Chi Minh likeness with clandestine organizing scene.

invasion postponed

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_battle_of_britain/invasion_postponed.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Churchill likeness with RAF radar and operations scene.

island hopping

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_pacific_war/island_hopping.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative imagery with an amphibious landing and base-building action scene; avoids leader likenesses, exact archival-photo recreation, protected emblems, readable text, graphic violence, and flag-raising compositions.

japans imperial war machine

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_pacific_war/japans_imperial_war_machine.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative imagery with a non-identifying Manchurian railway seizure scene; avoids leader likenesses, exact archival-photo recreation, readable text, graphic violence, and focal flags.

juche becomes state ideology

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/juche_becomes_state_ideology.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced an institutional study-hall image with a non-identifying industry-and-agriculture scene.

kennedy orders a quarantine

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/kennedy_orders_a_quarantine.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an open-water quarantine line scene to emphasize controlled confrontation at sea rather than interior command-room tracking.

khrushchev sends missiles

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/khrushchev_sends_missiles.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Khrushchev likeness with missile-logistics scene.

khrushchevs thaw

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_soviets/khrushchevs_thaw.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Khrushchev likeness with cautious cultural-opening scene.

kim jong uns nuclear dynasty

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/kim_jong_uns_nuclear_dynasty.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a parade crowd with a non-identifying remote missile-facility scene that avoids living-leader likenesses.

kristallnacht and the road to war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/kristallnacht_and_the_road_to_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative road-to-war imagery with a respectful Kristallnacht street scene; avoids leader likenesses, extremist symbols, salutes, graphic casualties, slurs, and exact archival-photo recreation.

land reform

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/land_reform.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a close punitive accusation scene with an anonymous village-level land redistribution scene centered on documents, tools, and rural administration.

lenin and the april theses

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_russian_revolution/lenin_and_the_april_theses.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Lenin podium likeness with non-identifying pamphlet and station scene.

little rock tests the promise

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/little_rock_tests_the_promise.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

little rock tests the promise

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/little_rock_tests_the_promise.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

mandela sentenced to life

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/apartheid_south_africa/mandela_sentenced_to_life.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced direct Nelson Mandela likeness with non-identifying Robben Island/Rivonia Trial scene.

mandela walks free

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/apartheid_south_africa/mandela_walks_free.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced direct Nelson Mandela likeness with non-identifying release scene.

maos long shadow

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/maos_long_shadow.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao funeral portrait image with non-identifying memorial/state-continuity scene.

memphis and an unfinished struggle

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/memphis_and_an_unfinished_struggle.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

memphis and an unfinished struggle

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/memphis_and_an_unfinished_struggle.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

militarisation of society

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/militarisation_of_society.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced generic rearmament imagery with the Rhineland remilitarisation in motion; avoids leader likenesses, extremist symbols, salutes, and triumphalist framing.

montgomery refuses to ride

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/montgomery_refuses_to_ride.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

montgomery refuses to ride

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/montgomery_refuses_to_ride.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

nationalism returns

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/nationalism_returns.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced potentially recognizable late-Soviet leader imagery with a non-identifying civic demonstration scene.

nationalism returns

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/nationalism_returns.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a non-identifying public-square mobilization scene that avoids Milosevic likeness, readable slogans, and maps.

ngo dinh diem builds south vietnam

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_vietnam_war/ngo_dinh_diem_builds_south_vietnam.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Ngo Dinh Diem likeness with state-building advisory scene.

otto is crowned

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/otto_is_crowned.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

peace and an enduring empire

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/peace_and_an_enduring_empire.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

peace talks and a race for power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/peace_talks_and_a_race_for_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

perestroika begins

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/perestroika_begins.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-and-portrait imagery with anonymous factory, supply, and cooperative activity showing economic disruption under perestroika.

planning operation overlord

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/d_day_and_the_liberation_of_europe/planning_operation_overlord.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced commander likeness risk with a non-identifying invasion-planning room scene.

polarization after endless war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_united_states_after_9_11/polarization_after_endless_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced contemporary candidate/signage risk with non-identifying civic polarization scene.

potsdam and the broken trust

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/potsdam_and_the_broken_trust.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a conference-table scene with a non-identifying occupied Berlin checkpoint and convoy scene.

prison and mein kampf

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/prison_and_mein_kampf.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an alternative scene without Hitler likeness, book cover text, flags, or extremist symbolism.

propaganda and daily life

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/propaganda_and_daily_life.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader/propaganda-icon imagery with anonymous everyday public media pressure; avoids extremist symbols, leader likenesses, salutes, marching formations, and readable slogans.

rebuilding the nazi machine

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/rebuilding_the_nazi_machine.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced speaker-centered likeness with administrative organizing scene.

reforming a scattered empire

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/reforming_a_scattered_empire.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

resistance and liberation

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_ethiopian_empire/resistance_and_liberation.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a more balanced non-identifying liberation scene focused on Ethiopian patriots, Allied campaign support, abandoned occupation infrastructure, and the road to Addis Ababa.

revolution in the countryside

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/revolution_in_the_countryside.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

richard iii and the princes

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/richard_iii_and_the_princes.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

royal dictatorship

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/royal_dictatorship.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a press-censorship scene that avoids King Alexander likeness, leader portraits, maps, and a static government-office composition.

secession and war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/secession_and_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated to avoid inaccurate flags and militia iconography; the breakup is shown through non-identifying displacement and checkpoints.

selma and the right to vote

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/selma_and_the_right_to_vote.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

selma and the right to vote

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/selma_and_the_right_to_vote.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

soviet control in eastern europe

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/soviet_control_in_eastern_europe.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Created a non-identifying street scene focused on ballot boxes, censorship, queues, and security pressure.

soviet patronage and state formation

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/soviet_patronage_and_state_formation.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Kim/Stalin likeness risk with state-formation advisory scene.

stagnation and superpower strain

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_soviets/stagnation_and_superpower_strain.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated to remove the Brezhnev poster and avoid leader imagery; stagnation is shown through anonymous bureaucracy and aging industry.

stalins revolution from above

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_soviets/stalins_revolution_from_above.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Stalin likeness with industrialization and collectivization scene.

stoke and an unfinished peace

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/stoke_and_an_unfinished_peace.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

students take the counter

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/students_take_the_counter.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

students take the counter

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/students_take_the_counter.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

surrender and imperial collapse

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/imperial_japan/surrender_and_imperial_collapse.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced MacArthur/Hirohito-centered imagery with a non-identifying surrender-document scene.

the alliance breaks

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/the_alliance_breaks.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

the allied turn

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_second_world_war/the_allied_turn.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced remote planning-room imagery with action closer to the 1942 turning-point events; no recognizable leaders, close-up faces, readable text, or exact archival-photo recreation.

the atomic shock

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_atomic_shock.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced analysis-room imagery with a distant, non-identifying Trinity test observation scene.

the august coup fails

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/the_august_coup_fails.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Yeltsin-on-tank likeness imagery with anonymous civilian resistance and soldiers around barricades during the failed coup.

the august revolution

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_vietnam_war/the_august_revolution.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Ho Chi Minh podium likeness with non-identifying Hanoi crowd scene.

the beer hall putsch

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/the_beer_hall_putsch.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler-centered putsch image with non-identifying aftermath scene.

the berlin blockade

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_berlin_blockade.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Created a non-identifying airfield scene focused on airlift supply operations and civilian reliance.

the communist victory

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/the_communist_victory.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao-centered image with distant state-founding scene.

the countryside opens first

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/the_countryside_opens_first.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a multi-activity rural reform image with a single household responsibility system scene and no recognizable public figures.

the crisis nearly breaks

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/the_crisis_nearly_breaks.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an exterior Black Saturday submarine scene to represent miscalculation risk without another operations-map room.

the cultural revolution

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/the_cultural_revolution.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao portrait/poster scene with non-identifying mass mobilization scene.

the death of kim il sung

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/the_death_of_kim_il_sung.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a queue-heavy mourning image with a sparse non-likeness exterior focused on ritual objects and atmosphere.

the electors choose a king

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/the_electors_choose_a_king.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the empire ends

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/the_empire_ends.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the enabling act

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/the_enabling_act.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced interior parliamentary/leader imagery with non-identifying intimidation outside the Kroll Opera House; avoids Hitler likeness, extremist symbols, salutes, and exact archival-photo recreation.

the end of the mao era

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/the_end_of_the_mao_era.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao memorial portrait image with reform-transition scene.

the fall of the ethiopian empire

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_ethiopian_empire/the_fall_of_the_ethiopian_empire.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced direct Haile Selassie deposition imagery with a non-identifying revolutionary street scene.

the federal balance

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/the_federal_balance.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a chamber-floor voting scene that avoids Tito likeness, leader portraits, maps, readable slogans, and a static committee-table composition.

the first nuclear test

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/the_first_nuclear_test.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-focused nuclear image with technical test-site scene.

the founding of north korea

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/the_founding_of_north_korea.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a crowd-heavy founding ceremony with a non-identifying street-level state-formation scene.

the freedom rides

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/the_freedom_rides.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

the freedom rides

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_civil_rights_movement/the_freedom_rides.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

the fuhrer state

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/the_fuhrer_state.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced office-style institutional imagery with a non-identifying public announcement scene; avoids Hitler likeness, oath-salute imagery, extremist symbols, and exact archival-photo recreation.

the great depression breaks weimar

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/the_great_depression_breaks_weimar.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-poster street scene with non-identifying economic crisis scene.

the great leap forward

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/the_great_leap_forward.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an alternative non-likeness scene focused on commune labor, backyard furnaces, and forced mobilization rather than Mao imagery.

the hereditary succession

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/the_hereditary_succession.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a formal hall scene with a non-identifying print-shop and schoolroom scene about dynastic instruction.

the hundred flowers trap

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/the_hundred_flowers_trap.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao-centered imagery with a non-identifying intellectual and surveillance scene.

the inchon landing

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_korean_war/the_inchon_landing.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced MacArthur-centered imagery with a non-identifying amphibious landing scene.

the iron curtain speech

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_iron_curtain_speech.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced an exterior press scene with a rear/side auditorium view that shows the speech without rendering Churchill's face.

the king returns

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/the_king_returns.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

the kingdom is born

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/the_kingdom_is_born.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a public proclamation scene that avoids King Alexander likeness, leader portraits, maps, and a static committee-table composition.

the korean war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/maos_china/the_korean_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced hero-soldier imagery with an anonymous winter logistics and border-crossing scene focused on terrain, supply, and strategic pressure.

the league of nations begins

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_treaty_of_versailles_and_its_consequences/the_league_of_nations_begins.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an alternative scene with no flags, banners, national emblems, or famous leader likenesses.

the liberation of paris

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/d_day_and_the_liberation_of_europe/the_liberation_of_paris.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced de Gaulle-centered imagery with a non-identifying liberation crowd scene.

the long march

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/the_long_march.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

the mainland campaigns

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/the_mainland_campaigns.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

the marshall plan

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_marshall_plan.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Created a non-identifying reconstruction scene focused on rail repair, supply delivery, and economic recovery.

the missiles are discovered

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/the_missiles_are_discovered.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an exterior aerial reconnaissance scene to avoid repeated faceless crisis-room imagery while keeping the discovery historically grounded.

the monolithic leadership system

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_kim_dynasty/the_monolithic_leadership_system.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a mass ceremony with a non-identifying residential surveillance and conformity scene.

the nazi party takes shape

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/the_nazi_party_takes_shape.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader/symbol-centered imagery with non-identifying organization scene.

the nazis become a mass party

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler/the_nazis_become_a_mass_party.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an alternative scene with no flags, banners, armbands, salutes, extremist symbols, or Hitler likeness.

the night of the long knives

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/the_night_of_the_long_knives.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative purge imagery with a non-identifying raid/arrest scene; avoids Hitler or Röhm likenesses, extremist symbols, graphic killing, and exact archival-photo recreation.

the north korean invasion

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_korean_war/the_north_korean_invasion.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a face-led invasion image with a non-identifying battlefield and civilian-displacement scene.

the nuclear balance of terror

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/the_nuclear_balance_of_terror.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Removed people from the missile complex scene, then saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Removed foreground people and small human figures so the nuclear arms race is represented through infrastructure and deterrence symbolism.

the nuremberg laws

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/the_nuremberg_laws.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative legal imagery with a respectful street-level exclusion scene; avoids leader likenesses, extremist symbols, slurs, yellow-star anachronism, graphic violence, and exact archival-photo recreation.

the paris peace conference opens

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_treaty_of_versailles_and_its_consequences/the_paris_peace_conference_opens.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Big Four likeness risk with a non-identifying diplomatic-arrival scene.

the party loses control

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/the_party_loses_control.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Yeltsin-like parliamentary imagery and large official symbolism with an anonymous civic street scene showing public loss of party authority.

the postwar order hardens

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/the_postwar_order_hardens.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-centered postwar imagery with an anonymous reconstruction scene showing occupation, displacement, aid, and rebuilding.

the reformation divides the empire

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/the_reformation_divides_the_empire.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the reichstag fire decree

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/nazi_germany/the_reichstag_fire_decree.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative decree imagery with the Reichstag fire emergency itself; avoids leader likenesses, extremist symbols, graphic violence, and exact archival-photo recreation.

the revolution changes cuba

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/the_revolution_changes_cuba.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Castro-centered revolutionary imagery with a non-identifying Havana street scene.

the road to surrender

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_pacific_war/the_road_to_surrender.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced less representative imagery with a historically specific Hiroshima atomic-bombing scene from aerial distance; avoids recognizable people, graphic casualties, exact archival-photo recreation, readable markings, and celebratory framing.

the secret deal

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/the_secret_deal.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a rainy exterior backchannel scene to avoid another lamplit secret-room image while preserving the Cuba-Turkey trade context.

the southern tour

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/the_southern_tour.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Deng likeness with non-identifying Shenzhen development scene.

the soviet war in afghanistan

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/the_soviet_war_in_afghanistan.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced close soldier-focused imagery with an anonymous convoy, mountain terrain, and displacement scene.

the struggle for people and land

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/the_struggle_for_people_and_land.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

the struggle over investiture

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/the_struggle_over_investiture.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the tehran bargain

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_tehran_bargain.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a conference-room image with a non-identifying guarded compound, courier, and radio coordination scene.

the thirty years war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_holy_roman_empire/the_thirty_years_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the truman doctrine

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_truman_doctrine.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a congressional-hearing image with a non-identifying Mediterranean aid and containment logistics scene.

the truman doctrine

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/the_truman_doctrine.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Truman-centered imagery with a non-identifying congressional policy scene.

the uneasy wartime alliance

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/the_uneasy_wartime_alliance.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a room-based alliance scene with a non-identifying convoy supply operation.

the union treaty crisis

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union/the_union_treaty_crisis.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-focused treaty-room imagery with an anonymous public-facing crisis scene around guarded negotiations and press scrutiny.

the united nations intervenes

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_korean_war/the_united_nations_intervenes.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced a flag- and soldier-forward image with a non-identifying Pusan logistics and defensive-perimeter scene.

the war on terror begins

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_united_states_after_9_11/the_war_on_terror_begins.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced George W. Bush likeness with institutional security decision scene.

the world holds its breath

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cuban_missile_crisis/the_world_holds_its_breath.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as an ordinary civil-defense shelter scene to show public fear and avoid another faceless decision-room image.

the yalta conference

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_second_world_war/the_yalta_conference.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced Big Three likeness risk with a non-identifying exterior conference-arrival scene.

tito dies

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/tito_dies.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated to remove flags and avoid Tito portrait imagery; mourning is shown through a non-identifying public queue.

tito takes power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia/tito_takes_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Regenerated as a postwar civic-building scene that avoids Tito likeness, leader portraits, maps, and a static meeting-table composition.

total war on every front

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_second_world_war/total_war_on_every_front.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced generic war-front imagery with a non-identifying home-front mobilisation scene; no public-figure likenesses, readable propaganda, protected emblems, or external source image.

versailles becomes a road to war

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_treaty_of_versailles_and_its_consequences/versailles_becomes_a_road_to_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced extremist/leader imagery with a non-identifying interwar social and economic strain scene.

victory and an unfinished divide

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/victory_and_an_unfinished_divide.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

victory at tewkesbury

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/victory_at_tewkesbury.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

victory through ruin

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_second_world_war/victory_through_ruin.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced potentially over-symbolic victory imagery with a non-identifying civilian ruin scene; avoids leader likenesses, protected emblems, focal flags, graphic violence, and external source image.

war changes the balance

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_chinese_civil_war/war_changes_the_balance.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

war in korea

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_cold_war/war_in_korea.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced action-focused combat imagery with an anonymous civilian displacement and military logistics scene.

warwick turns against edward

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/warwick_turns_against_edward.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

xi jinping centralises power

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_rise_of_china/xi_jinping_centralises_power.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced living-leader likeness with institutional centralization scene.

yalta and the shape of peace

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/origins_of_the_cold_war/yalta_and_the_shape_of_peace.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story-step aspect ratio.

Replaced an interior map-room image with a non-identifying Yalta arrival and communications setup scene.

yorks claim and wakefield

Story step images

Image: /images/steps/the_wars_of_the_roses/yorks_claim_and_wakefield.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

maos china

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/maos_china.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao-addressing-crowd imagery with a non-identifying commune and state-building scene without leader portraits or protected emblems.

the chinese civil war

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_chinese_civil_war.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping or changes to composition.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. No third-party reference image was supplied to generation.

the civil rights movement

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_civil_rights_movement.png
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

the civil rights movement

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_civil_rights_movement.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original AI-generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party image inputs. Not a legal clearance certificate.
Credit: Stories of History — AI-generated historical reconstruction

Generated at 1536x1024; original PNG copied unchanged; WebP derivative exported at quality 88.

the collapse of the soviet union

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_collapse_of_the_soviet_union.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced Yeltsin tank-speech and flag-lowering imagery with a non-identifying late-Soviet public and administrative scene.

the cuban missile crisis

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_cuban_missile_crisis.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced recognizable Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro collage imagery with anonymous period crisis-room work and naval tracking.

the holy roman empire

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_holy_roman_empire.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: Original internally generated illustrative reconstruction; no third-party source image used
Credit: Stories of History

Original 1536x1024 PNG retained; WebP delivery copy encoded at quality 88 without cropping. Period corrections made with the built-in image tool where documented.

Display as an illustrative reconstruction. Hero is symbolic and set around 1500.

the kim dynasty

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_kim_dynasty.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced leader-and-flag spectacle with a non-identifying Pyongyang civic scene to avoid Kim-family likenesses and reduce symbol accuracy risk.

the rise and fall of yugoslavia

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced combat-forward civilian-flight imagery with a non-graphic transit-station scene that avoids political-leader likenesses, maps, readable text, and active battlefield imagery.

the rise and fall of yugoslavia flag

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_rise_and_fall_of_yugoslavia_flag.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Generated as 1536x1024 PNG and saved as a WebP companion image.

The previous image depicted vertical stripes. The replacement shows the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia flag with horizontal blue, white, and red bands and a central red star with a gold outline.

the rise of adolf hitler

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_rise_of_adolf_hitler.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story hero aspect ratio.

Replaced Hitler rally imagery with a non-identifying Weimar street scene without leader likenesses, Nazi flags, swastikas, or extremist symbols.

the soviets no stalin

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_soviets_no_stalin.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Removed the Stalin-looking wall portrait while preserving the original 1536x1024 hero composition, then saved PNG and WebP variants.

Edited to remove a recognizable leader-like portrait from the wall while retaining the non-live historical reconstruction.

the wars of the roses

Story hero images

Image: /images/heroes/the_wars_of_the_roses.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing story aspect ratio.

american presidents

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/american_presidents.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced modern president likenesses with older deceased presidents who died before 1950.

british monarchs

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/british_monarchs.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced modern royal likenesses with older monarchs who died before 1950.

british monarchs 2

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/british_monarchs_2.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced modern royal likenesses with an institution-focused monarchy scene for homepage and card usage.

british prime ministers

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/british_prime_ministers.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced modern politician likenesses with older prime ministers who died before 1950.

china presidents

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/china_presidents.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced Mao-to-Xi leader likenesses with a non-identifying institutional succession scene without flags or state emblems.

russian soviet leaders

Lineage hero images

Image: /images/lineages/russian_soviet_leaders.webp
Source: OpenAI image generation via Codex image_gen
Licence: No external source image; internally generated illustrative reconstruction
Credit: Stories of History

Saved as 1536x1024 PNG and WebP with the existing lineage hero aspect ratio.

Replaced modern Russian/Soviet leader likenesses with a non-identifying institutional transition scene without flags, maps, busts, or emblems.